John Dewey (October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952) was an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Dewey is one of the primary figures associated with the philosophy of pragmatism and is considered one of the fathers of functional psychology.
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The very problem of mind and body suggests division, I do not know of anything so disastrously affected by the habit of division as this particular theme. In its discussion are reflected the splitting off from each other of religion morals and science, the divorce of philosophy from science and of both from the arts of conduct. The evils which we suffer in education in religion in the materialism of business and the aloofness of "intellectuals" from life in the whole separation of knowledge and practice -- all testify to the necessity of seeing mind-body as an integral whole.
The aim of education is to enable individuals to continue their education... (and) the object and reward of learning is continued capacity for growth. Now this idea cannot be applied to all the members of a society except where intercourse of man with man is mutual and except where there is adequate provision for the reconstruction of social habits and institutions by means of wide stimulation arising from equitably distributed interests. And this means a democratic society.
The only freedom that is of enduring importance is the freedom of intelligence that is to say freedom of observation and of judgment exercised in behalf of purposes that are intrinsically worth while. The commonest mistake made about freedom is I think to identify it with freedom of movement or with the external or physical side of activity.